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Database Model Basic

Introduction

FluentCart ORM provides a beautiful, simple ActiveRecord implementation for working with database tables. Each database table has a corresponding "Model" which is used to interact with that table. Models allow you to query for data in db tables, as well as insert new records into the table.

NOTE

FluentCart offers helper functions and methods to interact with FluentCart's database so you may use those things instead of Models directly. We are documenting these for our internal usage and very-high level usage by 3rd-party developers.

Built-in FluentCart DB Models

All the built-in database models are available at

  • fluent-cart/app/Models/ (Core version)
  • fluent-cart-pro/app/Models/ (Pro version)

In this Article we will use FluentCart\App\Models\Order model as an example.

Retrieving Models

Think of each Eloquent model as a powerful query builder allowing you to fluently query the database table associated with the model. For example:

php
<?php

$orders = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::all();

foreach ($orders as $order) {
    echo $order->total_amount;
}

Adding Additional Constraints

The ORM all method will return all of the results in the model's table. Since each model serves as a query builder, you may also add constraints to queries, and then use the get method to retrieve the results:

php
$orders = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::where('status', 'completed')
           ->orderBy('created_at', 'DESC')
           ->limit(10)
           ->skip(5)
           ->get();

Retrieving Single Models / Aggregates

Of course, in addition to retrieving all of the records for a given table, you may also retrieve single records using find or first. Instead of returning a collection of models, these methods return a single model instance:

php
// Retrieve a model by its primary key...
$order = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::find(1);

// Retrieve the first model matching the query constraints...
$order = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::where('status', 'pending')->first();

You may also call the find method with an array of primary keys, which will return a collection of the matching records:

php
$orders = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::find([1,2,3]);

Retrieving Aggregates

You may also use the count, sum, max, and other aggregate methods available. These methods return the appropriate scalar value instead of a full model instance:

php
$count = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::where('status', 'completed')->count();

$max = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::where('status', 'completed')->max('total_amount');

Available aggregate methods such as count, max, min, avg, and sum.

Inserting & Updating Models

Inserts

To create a new record in the database, create a new model instance, set attributes on the model, then call the save method:

php
$order = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::create([
    'customer_id' => 1,
    'status' => 'pending',
    'payment_method' => 'stripe',
    'currency' => 'USD',
    'total_amount' => Helper::toCent(99.99)
]);

Updates

You can update a model few different way. You can assign property and then call save() method

php
$order = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::find(1);

$order->status = 'completed';
$order->completed_at = now();
$order->save();

You can also update with an array

php
$order = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::find(1);

$order->update([
    'status' => 'completed',
    'completed_at' => now()
]);

Accessing Attributes

You can just call the database table column name for accessing the attributes

php
$order = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::find(1);

$status = $order->status;
$totalAmount = $order->total_amount;
$customerId = $order->customer_id;

Deleting Models

To delete a model, call the delete method on a model instance:

php
$order = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::find(1);
$order->delete();

Deleting Models By Query

Of course, you may also run a delete statement on a set of models. In this example, we will delete all orders that are marked as draft. Like mass updates, mass deletes will not fire any model events for the models that are deleted:

php
FluentCart\App\Models\Order::where('status', 'draft')->delete();

Query Scopes

Scopes allow you to define common sets of constraints that you may easily re-use throughout application. For example, you may need to frequently retrieve all orders by given statuses. In FluentCart Order model we already have this scope defined like this.

php
/**
 * Local scope to filter orders by status
 * @param \FluentCart\Framework\Database\Query\Builder $query
 * @param string $status
 * @return \FluentCart\Framework\Database\Query\Builder $query
 */
public function scopeOfStatus($query, $status)
{
    return $query->where('status', $status);
}

Now say you want to get orders where status equal completed

php
$orders = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::ofStatus('completed')->get();

Please note that, the first letter will be small case.

In the individual model documentation, you will find which FluentCart models have scopes.

Relationships

Database tables are often related to one another. For example, a customer has multiple orders, or an order has multiple order items. FluentCart ORM makes managing and working with these relationships easy. Each Model has predefined relationships and you will find those in the individual model documentation.

php
$customer = FluentCart\App\Models\Customer::find(1);

// These will return corresponding Order and Subscription collections
$customerOrders = $customer->orders;
$customerSubscriptions = $customer->subscriptions;

For a single relation like an OrderItem belongs to an order

php
$orderItem = FluentCart\App\Models\OrderItem::find(1);
$order = $orderItem->order; // will return FluentCart\App\Models\Order

Available Models

Core Models

Order Models

Customer Models

Product Models

Subscription Models

Cart & Coupon Models

System Models

Attribute System Models

Shipping & Tax Models

Label System Models

Pro Plugin Models

Licensing Models

Promotional Models

User Management Models

Model Usage Examples

Activity Logging

php
// Create activity log
$activity = FluentCart\App\Models\Activity::create([
    'status' => 'success',
    'log_type' => 'activity',
    'module_type' => 'FluentCart\App\Models\Order',
    'module_id' => 123,
    'module_name' => 'order',
    'title' => 'Order Status Updated',
    'content' => 'Order status changed from pending to completed',
    'user_id' => 1,
    'created_by' => 'admin'
]);

// Get activity logs for an order
$orderActivities = FluentCart\App\Models\Activity::where('module_type', 'FluentCart\App\Models\Order')
    ->where('module_id', 123)
    ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
    ->get();

Attribute Management

php
// Create attribute group
$colorGroup = FluentCart\App\Models\AttributeGroup::create([
    'title' => 'Color',
    'slug' => 'color',
    'description' => 'Product color attributes'
]);

// Add terms to group
$redTerm = FluentCart\App\Models\AttributeTerm::create([
    'group_id' => $colorGroup->id,
    'title' => 'Red',
    'slug' => 'red'
]);

// Relate attribute to product
FluentCart\App\Models\AttributeRelation::create([
    'group_id' => $colorGroup->id,
    'term_id' => $redTerm->id,
    'object_id' => 456 // Product ID
]);

Label System

php
// Create label
$label = FluentCart\App\Models\Label::create([
    'value' => 'featured'
]);

// Tag an order with label
FluentCart\App\Models\LabelRelationship::create([
    'label_id' => $label->id,
    'labelable_id' => 123,
    'labelable_type' => 'FluentCart\App\Models\Order'
]);

// Get all orders with 'featured' label
$featuredOrders = FluentCart\App\Models\Order::whereHas('labels', function($query) {
    $query->where('value', 'featured');
})->get();

Scheduled Actions

php
// Schedule a background job
FluentCart\App\Models\ScheduledAction::create([
    'scheduled_at' => now()->addMinutes(30),
    'action' => 'send_order_confirmation',
    'status' => 'pending',
    'group' => 'order',
    'object_id' => 123,
    'object_type' => 'FluentCart\App\Models\Order',
    'data' => ['email' => '[email protected]']
]);

// Get pending scheduled actions
$pendingActions = FluentCart\App\Models\ScheduledAction::where('status', 'pending')
    ->where('scheduled_at', '<=', now())
    ->get();

Pro Licensing

php
// Create license
$license = FluentCartPro\App\Modules\Licensing\Models\License::create([
    'status' => 'active',
    'limit' => 5,
    'license_key' => 'ABC123-DEF456-GHI789',
    'product_id' => 456,
    'customer_id' => 789,
    'order_id' => 123,
    'expiration_date' => now()->addYear()
]);

// Activate license on site
FluentCartPro\App\Modules\Licensing\Models\LicenseActivation::create([
    'site_id' => 1,
    'license_id' => $license->id,
    'status' => 'active',
    'product_id' => 456,
    'activation_hash' => 'unique_hash_here'
]);

FluentCart developer documentation